Noise impacts of heat pumps
- ronberksacoustic
- Nov 17, 2024
- 3 min read
Heat pumps are gaining popularity for heating and cooling domestic and non-domestic buildings to replace conventional and combi boilers. They offer notable energy efficiency and can lower utility costs. The UK government aims to install over 100,000 heat pumps per year until 2028 to reach net-zero carbon targets. However, many people do not know much about one important aspect: the noise heat pumps generate. Understanding the noise of heat pumps is vital for homeowners, noise sensitive neighbours, and builders who want to maintain a peaceful living environment.
The Basics of Heat Pump Noise
Heat pumps produce noise during operation, which varies based on the type of pump, its location, and its design. Parts of heat pumps generating noise include the compressor, fan, pump, and refrigerant flow.
On average, air-source heat pumps can generate noise levels between 60 to 75 decibels (dBA) with the highest noise level predicted during the operation of compressors. This is comparable to the sound of a normal conversation. In contrast, ground-source heat pumps often operate quietly, typically producing noise volumes below 60 dBA. This characteristic makes air-source systems more noticeable, especially in quiet neighbourhoods where background noise level is minimal.
Factors Influencing Noise Levels
Several factors can influence the noise levels generated by heat pumps:
Installation Position: A heat pump placed near bedrooms or living areas may be heard more than units situated farther away. For instance, placing a unit at least 15 feet away from living spaces can greatly reduce perceived noise.
Design and Technology: Modern units often feature noise-reducing technology. For example, some models use variable-speed compressors that adjust to demand, leading to quieter operation. Units with a low dB rating (under 60) typically promise a quieter experience compared to standard models.
Size: An improperly sized unit may work harder, producing additional noise. Research indicates that oversized heat pumps can result in sound levels that are 10-15% higher, making it critical to ensure the sizing matches the space requirements.
By understanding these aspects, homeowners can choose a heat pump that aligns better with their noise tolerance.
Mitigating Noise Impacts
If you are dealing with heat pump noise, several strategies can help:
Sound Barriers: Installing physical barriers like decorative fencing or dense landscaping can effectively dampen sound waves. A well-placed row of shrubs can reduce noise by as much as 50%.
Vibration Isolation Mounts: These mounts can minimize the transmission of noise from the unit to the building structure, creating a more tranquil indoor environment.
Regular Maintenance: Keeping the heat pump well-maintained can prevent unexpected loud noises. Studies show that regular check-ups can reduce noise issues by up to 30% by addressing problems like loose parts or insufficient lubrication.
Implementing these methods can significantly enhance the noise environment around a property.
The Importance of Local Regulations
BS4142:2014+A1:2019 "Methods for rating and assessing industrial and commercial sound" [1] state that sounds which exhibit tonal features can be relatively more annoying compared with noise at the same level without such acoustic features. The MCSA-020 [2] assessment procedure does not include any method for considering the effect of any acoustic features. The permitted development sound limit in MCS-020 is 42 dB(A) and this includes a nominal background noise level of 40dB(A). Therefore, the effective noise level limit for air source heat pumps should be 37dB(A) when measured at a location one metre away from the immediately adjacent neighbour's nearest window. Currently, there is not any guidance and system to manage the impact from multiple ASHPs installed within a residential area [3]. The institute of Acoustics and the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health state that widespread deployment of ASHPs within residential area could amplify existing noise levels and cause adverse health effects and annoyance on habitant living in residential area [4].
Final Thoughts
As heat pumps become more prevalent in eco-friendly home solutions, understanding their noise impact is crucial. The noise generated can significantly affect daily life, so being aware of different influencing factors can lead to better installations. From selecting the right unit to taking effective sound mitigation steps, homeowners can enjoy the benefits of heat pumps while minimizing disturbances.
By prioritizing noise considerations along with energy efficiency of heat pumps, everyone can work towards a more peaceful living environment.
References
British Standard, BS 4142: 2014 + A1: 2019 Methods for rating and assessing industrial and commercial sound.
Foundation, M.C., Microgeneration Installation Standard: MCS 020. 2019, MCS Charitable Foundation.
CIEH/IOA Heat Pumps Professional Advice Note, CIEH/IOA Acoustics, 2022.
Editor of Ronberks Acoustic Blog
NOTE: The content and images were created by help of AI.
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